英语语法|关于不定代词你需要知道的都在这里了附练习题

定义：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。

不定代词

用法辨析

1. some和 any:

①some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词; any一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：

I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)

They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿)

They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)

Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)

②some用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：

Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)

③any用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。如：

Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)

2. no, none, no one和nobody

指人：no one, nobody

既指人也指物：no, none

①no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词(人或物)。如：

There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点)

They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)

②none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,用于表示三者或三者以上。如：

None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里)

I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的)

③no one和nobody都表示“没有人”，仅指人。（no one比nobody语气更强烈）。如：

No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的)

Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。)

3. all和both(all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等)

①all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词；both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。如：

I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识)

--Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)

②all和both既可以独立使用，也可修饰名词，采用“all/both of the 名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略(all/both (the) 名词)。如：

All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮)

4. every和each

①every指三者或三者以上；each可用于两者、三者或三者以上。如：

There are trees on each sides of the road. √

There are trees on every sides of the road. ×

②every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念。如：

Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功)

③each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,也可后跟of短语。如：

Each of them has something to do.（他们很忙，人人都有事干）

④Every和not连用，表示部分否定；each和not连用表示全部否定。如：

Every man is not honest.（并非所有人都诚实）

Each man is not honest. （这儿每个人都不诚实）

5.either和neither

①用作代词：either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。（用作主语时，谓语用单数）

Either of the knives is useful.（两把刀都有用）

Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard.（他们两人身体都不好，但都努力地工作）

②用作副词：either意思是“也（不）”，用于否定句中；neither意思是“都（不）”，用于肯定句中,表示否定。

I don’t like fishing, David doesn’t like fishing, either. （我不喜欢钓鱼，David也不喜欢钓鱼）

He can’t swim, and neither/nor can I.（他不会游泳，我也不会）

③用作连词：either…or…(或者。。。或者。。。), neither…nor…(既不。。。也不。。。)，连接两个主语时，谓语采用就近一致原则。

Either my parents or Lucy is coming. 不是我父母来，就是Lucy来。

6. the other、another 、others和the others

①another与the other ：后可接名词

主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another.

如：This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？) / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。)

②others与the others：后不可接名词

others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。

如：A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。)

7.many和much （许多）

many与可数名词复数连用;much与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：

I don’t have many friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多)

延申：too much, much too, too many

①too much 译为“太多的、过多地”， 常用作副词或代词，也可以用作形容词修饰不可数名词。如：

You’ve given me too much. 你给我的太多了。

We’ve had too much rain lately. 最近我们这里的雨下得太多了。

②much too译为“实在太”，常作副词，后接副词或形容词。如：

It is much too cold.

③too many 译为“太多的”， 常用作形容词，修饰可数名词复数。可相当于“too much”（作形容词时，修饰不可数名词）

8. few、little、a few、a little

①few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思。

②few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。

如：He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。) / Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) / In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) / You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)

9. a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of plenty of (都表示“大量,许多”)

①a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many。

②plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。

③a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、lots of, plenty of

④a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。如：

A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。)

I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。)

I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写)

I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。)

10.one与ones

①one用来代替上文的一个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which。如：

Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件？

②ones用来代替上文的多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。如：

I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些)

11.so

so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。

如：I don’t think so.(我认为不是这样的。) / He lost a book. So did I.(他丢失了一本书,我也是。)

复合不定代词

复合不定代词包括：something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone等。它们在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，但不能作定语。

Something, someone等和anything, anyone等的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句（参见any和some）

注意事项

1.复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面：

There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有毛病。

2.指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they, them, their

If anybody comes, ask him(them) to wait. 如果有人来，让他（他们）等着。

3.指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用it,而不用they

Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了，是吗？

4.复合不定代词anyone, everyone等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of短语。若是指物或后接of短语，可用any one, every one（分开写）

any one of the boys(books) 孩子们（书）当中的任何一个（本）

every one of the students(schools) 每一个学生（一所学校）

练习

1. （2006·浙江）-Is _____ OK, Lucy?

-No, my maths is not as good as English.

A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything

2. （2006·莱芜市）The boy was so attracted by the computer games that he forgot _____ else.

A. anything B. Nothing C. something D. everything

3. （2006·福州）-What's in the box? - It's empty. There is _____ in it.

A. none B. no one C. nothing D. something

4. （2006·南通）_____of them knows French, so I have to ask a third person for help.

A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None

5. （2006·泰州）It rained heavily this morning, but _____ of my classmates were away from school.

A. neither B. none C. all D. both

6. （2006·兰州）- Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walkman?

_____. I prefer the new kind of MP4.

A. Both B. None C. Neither D. Either

7. （2006·苏州）Shirley had to buy _____ these CDs because she didn't know which one to take.

A. all B. none C. each D. both

8. （2006·武汉）-Here's coffee and tea. You may have_____.-Thanks.

A. either B. each C. one D. it

9. （2006·上海）Obey the traffic rules and learn to protect yourself. ____ is more important than life.

A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything

10. （2007·济南）I have _____ to do. Please give me _____ to read.

A. something, anything B. nothing, something

C. nothing, everything D. anything, nothing

11. （2007·武汉）- Got any information about High School Examination?

-Well, I was trying to, but found_____.

A. > B. no one C. none D. some

12. （2007·北京）_____is watching TV. Let's turn it off.

A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody D. Everybody

13. （2007·青岛）-Do you want tea or coffee? _____. I really don't mind.

A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither

14. （2007·陕西）Money is important in my life. But it isn't ______ to me.

A. everything B. Something C. nothing D. anything

15. Can you hear the strange noise from the washing machine?_____ must be wrong with it.

A. Anything B. Nothing C. Something D. Everything

16. Mrs Smith has two children, _____is a driver and _____ is a nurse.

A.> B. > C. one, other D. one, others

17. Put it down, Richard. You mustn't read _____ letter.

A. anyone's else's B. anyone's else

C. anyone else's D. anyone else

18. The parents _____ go to the cinema.

A. want both to B. both want to C. want both to D. want to both

19. Please keep together. We want ______ of you to get lost.

A. none B. some C. many D. any

20. “You are not right. I'm not right, either” means _____.

A. Either of us are not right B. Neither of us is right

C. Both of us are right D. Neither of us are right

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