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最新版人教版八年级英语上册第五单元教材全解

阅读: 41次 发表于:2023-02-17 21:05

人教版八年级英语上册第五单元教材全解

(一)习惯用语:

study for a test 复习考试

go to the doctor 去看病

have/take a piano lesson 上钢琴课

help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事

help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人

Thank you for sth./doing sth. 为…而感谢

have/has/had to do =must do 不得不;必须

come over to… 顺便来访

the day after tomorrow 后天

keep quiet 保持安静

have a party 开晚会

come to the party 来参加聚会

go to the concert去音乐会

be free 有空---be busy 繁忙的

all day = the whole day 整天

come to 来到

would love/like to…愿意…

too much太多

play soccer踢足球

the science report科学报告

二)重点句型:

1.Can you come to my party on Wednesday? 你星期三能来参加我的晚会吗?

2.Sorry.I can't.I have a piano lesson. 对不起,我不能。我要上钢琴课。

3.Sure.I'd love to.当然,我愿意。

4.I'm playing soccer.我在踢足球。

5.I have too much homework(to do) this weekend .

这个周末我有太多家庭作业(要做)。

6.I have to go to the doctor.我得去看医生。

7.I can't join you because I have to help my mom.

我不能参加,因为我要帮我妈妈干活。

8.I'm having a piano lesson the day after tomorrow.后天我要上钢琴课。

9.Can you come over to my house to discuss the science report.

你能来我家讨论这份科学报告吗?

三)交际用语:

Can you come to my birthday party?

Yes,I'd love to./Sorry,Ican't.I have to study for a test.

I'm sorry. I'm playing soccer on Saturday.

When is the party? It's at seven thirty.

四)主题写作:

情境:你朋友邀请你去干某事,你有事不能去,写信拒绝并说明理由.

词语点击:

1.lesson: ['lesn]

名词 n. [C]① 功课;课业Lessons begin at 8:00. 八点钟开始上课。

②课程[P1][( in/on)]She gives the children lessons in music.

她给孩子们上音乐课。

③一节课;(教科书中的)一课

They usually have four lessons in the morning.上午他们通常有四堂课。

④ 教训,训诫

The young man has learned his lesson and won't drive under the influence again. 小伙子已得到了教训,再也不敢酒后开车了。

及物动词 vt. 教训,训斥I'll lesson you, ! 我要教训你!

【积累】与lesson有关的短语:have a…lesson上一节……课,give sb. a lesson给某人上课,do one's lesson做功课, teach sb. a lesson给某人一个教训

【辨析】同义词lesson与class的区别

(一)class与lesson在着重指教学内容“课时”时,可互换使用

We have four English classes/lessons every week.每周我们上四节英语课。

There are no classes/lessons on Sunday.星期天没有课。

(二)表示班级、同学们、开始上课、课堂、课堂活动时只能用class

There are fifteen classes in our school.我们学校有15个班级。

Good morning,Class!同学们,早上好。

Class begin at 9:00 in the morning.上午9点开始上课。

Don't talk in class.课堂上不要讲话。

(类似短语:after class课后;out of class课外;)

(三)表示课、第几课、学科、科目、功课时只能用lesson.

Please read the first lesson.请读第一课。

There are 120 lessons in Book One.第一册书有120课。

We study Chinese,Maths,English and other lessons.

我们学习语文、数学、英语和其它一些学科。

I can help you with your lessons.我能帮你学习功课。

The girl is doing her lessons.这个女孩正在做她的功课。

2.sure: [?u?]

形容词 adj. ① 确信的,有把握的 [ (that)][ wh-][( about/of)]

I'm not sure whether our team will win. 我不能肯定我队是否能赢。

We are sure of his honesty. 我们确信他是诚实的。

② 一定的,必定的 [ to-v]

She is sure to write to you. 她一定会给你写信的。

③ 确实的;可靠的

One thing is sure, he won't let you down.

有一点是确定的,那就是他不会让你失望。

Exercise is a sure way of losing weight. 运动是减肥的可靠办法。

副词 adv.【美】【口】的确;一定;当然

It's sure cold outside. 外面实在很冷。

【积累】be sure to do sth.一定、务必做某事; be sure that从句,(例如:

I'm sure that the weather will change soon.我有把握说天气马上会变的。);Make sure that从句“务必,确信……”。

3.another: [?'n???]

形容词 adj. ① 又一,再一He drank another glass of beer.

他又喝了一杯啤酒。

② 另一;另外的That's another matter.那是另外一回事。

代词 pron.①又一个,再一个The little boy finished his cake and asked for another. 小男孩吃完自己的饼后,要求再吃一块。

② 另一个 I don't like this one, please show me another.

我不喜欢这个,请给我另一个

【注意】another 数目 名词=数目 more 名词,表示“额外……,再,又……”

例如:another two hours= two more hours再加两个小时

4.whom: [hu:m]

pron.(who的宾格)在句中做宾语。

I only confide in those whom I can trust. 我仅信赖我能相信的人。

【注意】在介词后必须用whom;whom放在句首可用who来代替。例如:

With whom did you go hiking yesterday?你昨天和谁一起出行的?

Whom /Who will you ask for help?你将向谁求助?

5.join: [d??in]

1)及物动词 vt. ① 连结;使结合[( to/together/up)]

He joined the two pieces of wood together with glue.

他用胶水将这两块木料粘在一起。

②和...一起做同样的事;和...作伴[( in/for)]

Will you join us for dinner?

你和我们一起吃晚饭好吗?

参加;作...的成员

I'll advise him to join our club. 我将建议他加入我们的俱乐部。

2)不及物动词 vi. ①会合;相遇Where do the two rivers join?

这两条河在什么地方会合?

② 邻接The two estates join at the foot of the hill.

这两处房地产在山脚下相毗连。

3)名词 n. 接合点;接连处[C]The joins can hardly be seen.

接缝几乎看不出来。

【辨析】take part in 与join的区别:

①take part in 意为“参加,参与(某事物或某活动)比如说参加运动会。例如: How many countries will take part in the World Cup?

有多少个国家要参加世界杯?

② join意为“参加(某组织),加入(某处任职),参加到某个人群中去,从而成为其中一员”。例如:

She joined a health club. 她参加了一个健身俱乐部。

6.invitation: [,invi'tei??n]

名词 n. [( to)][ to-v] 邀请, 请帖;其后长接介词to表示“对……的邀请”。例如:

She received an invitation to the party.她接到参加聚会的邀请。

They sent out 200 invitations to their wedding.

他们发出了两百张婚礼请帖。

Invite是invitation的名词形式,常构成“invite sb. to do sth.”表示“邀请某人做某事”。例如:

He invited several of his friends to the show.

他邀请了几个朋友去看表演。

7.training:['treini?]

名词 n.训练;锻炼,培养 [( in/for)]

She was given some quick training at the vocational school.

她在职业学校受过速成训练。

【拓展】train是training的动词形式。trainer训练者,教练trainee受训者

8.call: [k?:l]

1)动词 v. ①(大声)叫喊,呼叫[( out)]

"Come on," she called out. "快,"她喊道。

②呼唤;召唤;召集 Shall I call you a taxi? 我给你叫辆出租车好吗?

③ 打电话给[( up)]

Call me at the office this afternoon.午后打电话到我办公室来。

④把...叫做,称呼 She called him Joe. 她称他乔。

⑤顺便到...,拜访[( at/in/on)]

I promised to call on her after the examination.

我答应考试后去看望她。

2)名词 n. [C] ①呼叫,喊叫;鸣

We heard a call for help. 我们听到呼救的声音。

② (一次)电话,通话

She made a long-distance call to Hong Kong.她打长途电话到香港。

③(短暂的)访问[( on/at)];(车、船等的)停靠[( at)]

The ship will make calls at several ports. 该船将在数个港口停靠。

9.match: [m?t?]

① 名词n.比赛,竞赛,火柴, 导火线

Our side beat the other in the match. 我方在竞赛中击败了对方。

② 动词v. 和...相配,和...相称

The color of the shirt does not match that of the tie.

衬衫的颜色与领带不相配。

Can you match the words with their meanings?

你能把这些单词和它们的意思配对吗?

10.whole: [h?ul]

1)形容词 adj. ① 全部的,全体的,所有的

I'm deeply sorry about the whole business. 对整个事情我深感遗憾。

②整个的;完整的;无缺的,无损的

He was surprised to find himself whole after the car accident.

他很惊讶自己在车祸中毫发未伤。

③整整的 He spent two whole years writing the novel.

他花了整整两年写那本小说。

2)名词 n.全部,全体[the S][( of)

The whole of China was full of sadness after the earthquake.

地震之后全中国人充满了忧伤。

【辨析】whole和all的用法及区别:

这两个词意思相近。但与限定词和名词连用时,它们的词序各不相同。试比较:

“all 限定词 名词” “限定词 whole 名词”

1)all与 whole都可以和单数名词连用。例如:

①Mary spent all the summer at home. 玛丽整个夏天都是在家里度过的。也可以说成:

②Mary spent the whole summer at home.

③all my life我的一生=my whole life

2)all通常与不可数物质名词连用,而 whole则不能。例如:

④正:Jane has drunk all the milk.

误:Jane has drunk the whole milk. 珍妮喝光了所有的牛奶。

⑤You can easily spend a whole day there. (whole多与可数名词连用)

你可以轻松地在那里呆上一整天。

▲但有些抽象名词前可用 whole。例如:

Can you tell me the whole truth?(=Can you tell me all the truth?)

你能告诉全部事实真相吗?

3)the whole of或all(of)可放在专有名词,代词和限定词之前。例如:

The whole of/All of London was under water. 整个伦敦都被水淹没。

11.over: ['?uv?]

prep.&adv. 在...之上,在正上方; (覆盖)在...上面; 越过...; 从一边至另一边; 超过,多余(=more than);adj. 结束的,完了的

We live over a small bookstore. 我们住在一家小书店的楼上。

A plane flew over the house. 一架飞机飞过了房子。

She stepped over to the other side to avoid meeting him.

她走到大街另一边,避免与他相遇

The number of the students in our school is over 1,000.

我校的学生人数超过了一千。

Summer is over. It is autumn now.夏天过去了。秋天到了。

【拓展】over-前缀 pref. 超过","越过""过度","在上面","在上空"例如:overage 过老的overall 总的overdo 过度overdrink 饮过量overeat 吃过量overpopulation 人口过剩oversea 外国的oversleep 睡过头overspeed 超速overspend 超支overuse 使用过度overtime 超时,etc.

12.free:[fri:]

1)形容词adj. ①空闲的(反义词为busy)

I'm quite free this evening.  我今晚没有事。

② 免费的They enjoy free medical care.他们享受免费医疗。

③ 自由的;不受控制的 He felt himself at last absolutely free. 他终于觉得自己完全自由了。

④闲置的;未被占用的  Is that seat free?  那个座位有人吗?

2)动词vt.  使自由;解放[( from)]

Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves.  亚伯拉罕·林肯解放了奴隶。

火眼金睛:

1.可能不可能:

maybe与may be用法的区别:

(一) ①may 是一个情态动词,后面接动词原形,表示推测,有“可能;或许”的意思。如:She may go to school this afternoon.今天下午她或许去上学。

②maybe 是一个副词,意为“大概;也许”相当于perhaps,通常用于句首,有时也放在句中或句末,在句中作状语。如:Maybe he can come.他可能会来。

③may和be 如果分开写,就是情态动词 may 系动词be,在句中作谓语动词,构成主系表结构,译为“可能是”。如:

He may be a student.他可能是一个学生。

(二)比较以下各组句子,含义相同,但结构不同:

(1)你也许是对的。 ①Maybe you are right. ②You may be right.

(2)他可能迷路了。 ①Maybe he has lost the way.

②He may have lost the way.

③It may be that he has lost the way.

(三)maybe 可单独用作答语,但 may be 不能这样用。如:

A:Do you think he’ll come back? 你认为他会回来吗?

B:Maybe. (Maybe not.) 也许会回来吧(也许不会回来吧)

2.“试试”行不行:

try作动词时,意为“试图,努力,设法”。常见结构有:try to do sth.和try doing sth.两者用法有些差别:

try to do 表面的意思是; 试着做某事,但实际上的意思是:努力想做成某事。

比如,I tried to escape,but I failed. "我努力着想逃走,但是没有成功。"

而try doing 表面意思也是:试着做某事,但实际意思是:(为了达到另外的一个目的)做某种尝试看行不行。 比如,

----"So hot here,isn't it?"

----"Yes,why not try turning on the air conditioner?"

"很热,是吧。" “嗯,就是。咱们开开空调吧,看看能不能凉快点儿。”

I tried using English everyday to improve my oral English.

“我每天都说英语,看对我的口语有没有一点儿提高。”

或者“为了提高口语水平,我每天都说英语。”

总之,一句话,就是try to do 是那种“全力以赴,殚精竭虑的干某事”的意思,并且,似乎一般都是没有成功的,有一种,“本来很想怎么怎么样,可最后白忙一通儿”的这种感觉。

而try doing是那种“(试着)怎么怎么样,看看某种方案对另外一个结果有没有帮助”的意思,说白了,只是提出一种方案而已,我感觉如果你哪怕把try doing 理解成 do,意思都还基本是一样的 。就像上面那句 :

-------"So hot here,isn't it?"

-------"Yes,why not try turning on the air conditioner?"

也可说成: ----"So hot here,isn't it?"

---- Yes,why not turn on the air conditioner?"

3.“今天”无烦恼:

“What's today?”是问星期、日期、还是节日呢?“今天”可有点麻烦啦!

①What's today?是问:“今天是几月几号,星期几?”答的时候要先答星期,再答月份,然后是几号,最后才是年份。例如,可以回答:

It's Monday,January the 18th,2010.今天是星期一,2010年1月18日。

②问日期时这样说:What's today's date? What's the date today?

③问星期时应该说:“What day is it today”或者“What day is it?”

④而What's the day today?是问“今天什么节日?”回答 节日,比如国庆节 National Day等等

4.“运动”有规则:

game,match和sport各行其道

①game主要指决出胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则,凡参加者均要遵守。

如: Let’s go and watch the football game (match). 咱们去看足球赛吧。

②在英国match通常指比赛,而在美国game通常指比赛,另外game作复数时一般指大型的国际体育运动会。如: the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会

③sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球、跳高、游泳、钓鱼、打猎、赛马等。如: Skating is one of the winter sports.

滑冰是冬季运动中的一个项目。

sport作复数时可以和meet, day连用, 指运动会。如: sports meet或sports day。

5.花开“别”样红:

other ,the othe,others,another好像都有“别的”这个意思,你能分清吗?

(1)another既可作形容词又可作代词,泛指“再一个,又一个”,表示“总数为三个以上中任意的另一个”,表示泛指,可以单独使用。作定语时,修饰可数名词单数,其前不加冠词。

This dress is dirty,please change another one for me.

这件裙子脏了,再给我换一件吧。

(2)the other表示“两个数量中的另一个”,表示特指,总数为俩;它可以单独使用,也可用the other 可数名词单数。例如;

His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse.他父母都在一家医院工作。一个是医生,一个是护士。(父母为两个人)

(3)others用于泛指一些人或事物中其他的,可单独使用或用other 复数可数名词来代替。注意others后面不可直接加名词。例如:

①Some students like English and other students (others) like physics.

有些学生喜欢英语,有些学生喜欢物理。

②We must think more of others.

我们必须多想想别人。(同学们:这可是好品质哦!)

(4)the others指一定范围内其余所有的人或物,表示特指。也可用the other 名词复数来代替。

This dictionary is better than the others. 这本词典比别[其余]的好。

【补充】else adv.别的. (用于疑问词、不定代词后)其他,另外

I'm going to take you somewhere else. 我要带你去别处。

I don't think there is anything else we need to discuss tonight.

我认为今晚我们不需讨论别的事了。

Is there anything else you want?你还要些别的什么吗?

Who else is there in the house?屋子里还有谁?

someone else's books (别人的书)

6.风云“聚”义厅:

本单元重点句子释义集锦:

1.Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon? Sure, I’d love to.

星期六的下午你能来参加我的聚会吗?当然,我非常乐意。

翻译:星期天你能和我一起去看电影吗?对不起,我得去看我的姑姑。

2. May I ask you some questions? Sure. / Of course. /Certainly.

我可以问您一些问题吗?当然可以。

翻译:我能用一下您的钢笔吗?当然可以。

3.I would love to go to your party. 我愿意参加你的聚会。

翻译:我倒是希望明天能来,但恐怕来不了。

4. She isn’t very well these days and has to stay home.

她这几天身体不太好,只好呆在家里。

翻译:我们必须去帮助他摆脱困境。

5. We can learn what we did not know. 我们能够学会原来不知道的东西。

翻译:我们应该学会如何学习。

6. Thank you for inviting me. =Thanks for asking (having, inviting)

谢谢你邀请我。

翻译:谢谢你们来看我。

7. Maybe another time.或许下一次吧。

翻译:这件外套太小,请再给我拿一件。

8. Can she go to the movies? No, she can’t. She’s playing soccer.

她能去看电影吗?不,她不能。她要踢足球。

翻译:他们能去音乐会吗?不,他们不能。他们要去参加聚会。

9. Read these dialogues and find out about another kind of football.

朗读这些对话,找出有关另一种足球的语句。

翻译:我去查一下火车什么时候到。

10. She and I are both students. 我和她都是学生。

翻译:我们俩都必须学好英语。

我们应该感谢你们俩。

(Keys:

1.Can you go to the movie with me on Sunday? Sorry,I have to visit my aunt.

2.May I use your pen? Sure. / Of course. /Certainly.

3.I would love to come tomorrow,but I′m afraid I can′t.

4.We have to help him get out of the trouble.

5.We should learn how we learn.

6.Thank you for seeing me.

7.This coat is too small,please give me another one.

8.Can they go to the concert?No,they can′t.They′re going to a party.

9.I′ll find out when the train arrives.

10.①We should both learn English well./Both of us should learn English well.

②We should thank you both.)

语法聚焦:

(一)have to 的用法

(1)have to 与动词原形一起构成谓语,它可用于多种时态,有人称和数的变化。在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,要用has to,其余人称用have to;一般过去时中用had to;一般将来时中用will have to.

(2)比较have to和must:

① 两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法,即主观上的必要。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.

我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

He said that they must work hard.

他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)

② have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

He had to look after his sister yesterday.His parents were out.

③ 在否定结构中: don't have to 表示"不必"; mustn't 表示"禁止"。

You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。

You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

(二)情态动词can的用法:

情态动词can 的过去式为could ,(有时could表示更委婉的语气。)

①表示能力、功能等:“ 能,能够,会”:

例句: We can and must overcome our shortcomings.

我们能够而且必须克服我们的缺点。

②表示可能性: “可能;可以;会”:

例句: In winter the winds can be very cold.

冬天的风会很冷的。

③表示从内心里可以接受: “可以,能够”

例句: I can regard you as my brother but you must obey what I tell you .

我可以把你看做我的兄弟,但是你必须听我的话。

④表示请求、要求、建议等: “可以”:

例句: Can you help me to carry these books to the classroom?

你能不能帮我把这些书送到教室去?

⑤表示允许等: “可以”:

例句: You can have my seat.I'm going now.

你可坐在我的座位上,我现在就走。

【注意】can表示能力可和be able to互换使用,且后者有更多的时态,be able to常被用来表示can所不能表示的将来或完成时的概念。

典例剖析:

1.I'm trying_______ it better.

A.to do B.doing C.did D.does

【剖析】本题考查try的结构用法。try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”,try doing sth.意为“试着做某事”,由题意“我想尽力把它做得更好。”可知答案选A.

2. The work is too difficult for Mr Zhu to finish in a week. He needs _________ days.

A.more two B .two more C. two another D.another more

【剖析】本题考查more,another与数字的连用。数字后加more意为“额外再……”

本句意为“他需要另外两天。” ,故答案选B. 注意:本空如果填another two亦可。

3.——Could I have a look at the photo of your family?

——Of course you _______ .

A.may B.can C.could D.couldn't

【剖析】本题考查can与could的用法。Could I…?是请求别人许可时常用的句型,肯定回答用Yes/Of course/Sure,you can,但不可用could回答,因为could在此句型中是一种委婉的语气,而不是can的过去式。故答案选B.

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